The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP Act) 1971 was enacted on 10, August 1971. It stands as a crucial pillar of gender justice in India by legalizing and regulating access to safe abortion under specific circumstances. Sections 3 and 4, along with the 2003 amendment empowering women over 18 to seek abortion without spousal consent in certain cases, address women’s bodily autonomy and decision-making power regarding their reproductive health. The Act further promotes accessibility by allowing abortions in various facilities (Section 4) and protects patient privacy (Section 5A), combating stigma and discrimination. However, limitations exist. Restrictions on grounds for termination, particularly for unmarried minors requiring guardian consent, and uneven distribution of qualified providers in rural areas pose challenges. The Act marks a significant step towards reproductive rights and gender justice. Continued efforts to address limitations through amendments, improved implementation, and awareness campaigns are vital to ensure full realization of safe, legal, and accessible abortion services for all women in India.
The Act extends to whole of India. It has 8 Sections. It is amended in 1975, 2002 and 2021.